1. Krill Facts Center
Tiny but mighty, Krill represent a major link in the Earth’s marine ecosystems and the global food chain. Read on for more…
What is krill?
Krill are zooplankton invertebrates that float in huge swarms in oceans all over the world. These swarms sometimes reaching densities they can turn the surface of the ocean pinkish-red.
Euphausia superba krill are the most common krill, found mostly in the waters of the Antarctic. Euphausia krill are at the very bottom of the food chain and can only found in the pristine oceans around Antarctcia, where there is very limited accumulation of contaminants.
How many different species of krill are they?
There are 85 known species of krill. Krill is comprised of two families the largest of which is Euphausiidae which contains 20 different genra, the largest of which is the Euphausia. The other family of Krill is the Bentheuphausia ampblyops, which lives in the deep waters (below 3,330 feet) and are the most primitive species of krill.
The most well known species of the Euphausiidae are the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba), Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) and Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica).
Actual Size: 2½ inches (or your pinky finger)
Description
With large black eyes, krill are mostly transparent, although their shells have a bright red tinge. Their digestive system is usually visible. Krill have a hard exoskeleton, many legs which they use to swim and eat, and a segmented body.
Population
Antarctic krill are one of the most abundant animal species, there are about 500 million tons of krill in the Southern Ocean.
Krill travel in swarms primarily as a defense mechanism to confuse predators that would pick out single krill. In additional efforts to avoid predators, krill are found to spend their day at greater depths in the ocean and rise during the night toward the surface. It has also been found that the deeper they go in the water, the more their activity lessens, to reduce the probability of encounters with predators as well as conserve their energy.
Lifespan
The lifespan of a krill is typically up to 10 years, six years on average which is not bad for a heavily sought after creature.
Life Cycle: The main spawning season of Antarctic Krill is from January to March, above the continental shelf. Female krill lay up to 10,000 eggs at a time, sometimes several times a season.
The eggs are spawned close to the surface and start sinking. In the open ocean they sink for about 10 days: the nauplii hatch at around 3000 m depth.
What do they eat?
A close-up of phytoplankton.
Antarctic Krill are mainly herbivorous (they sometimes eat each other), feeding mostly on phytoplankton (microscopic suspended plants). They feed directly on phytoplankton, thereby using the primary production energy that phytoplankton derive from the sun in order to sustain their open ocean life cycle. Some krill also eat zooplankton
In winter they have to use other sources such as algae which grow on the underside of the ice, on the sea-floor. Krill can survive for long periods of time without food (up to 200 days) and can shrink in length as they starve.
How big are they?
They grow to a length of 2½ inches (6 centimeters), and weigh up to .07 ounces (2 grams).
The size of krill.
Fun facts
Did you know, that...
- Without Krill, the majority of life forms in the Antarctic would vanish.
- Krill travel in swarms so dense they can be seen from space.
- A krill is about the size of your pinky.
- Krill is possibly the most abundant species on the planet. In fact, it's estimated that the total weight of all Antarctic krill is more than the total weight of all humans on Earth!
Interesting Facts:
-
1,000
Average Antarctic human population
in
the winter
-
47
number of
countries
who have signed the Antarctic Treaty -
98%
of Antarctica is covered by fresh water ice -
Summer
has
only
reached
maximum of 58F -
Antarctica
is the driest
continent
on Earth
(less than 2 inches of rain per year) -
Antarctica is
1.5 times the size
of the
United States -
0
number of
govern-
mentsthat rule Antarctica
-
2,000,000
estimated
tons of krill
in a swarm -
10
Number of
human babies
born in Antarctica
-
Krill is more than
twice
the total weight of all humans
on earth -
Krill can go for up to
200
days
without eating
-
90%
the world's
ice
is in Antarctica -
4,000
Average Antarctic human population
in
summer
-
70%
of world's fresh water
is
frozen -
10,000
number of
eggs
a female krill lays at one time -
29
number of
nations
that send scientists to conduct experiments in Antarctica -
2½
the size, in inches, of the
average
krill -
10
number of years krill can
live -
If
Antarctica
melted,
the sea level could rise
200 feet
worldwide -
Winter
temperature
can
drop
as low as
-20F -
There
are no native land
mammals
in
Antarctica -
2
inches of precipitation fall in Antarctica
each year
on average -
0
Number of
permanent
residents
in Antarctica